ESF Implementation of Marine Biotechnology for its Bioactive Products

 

Jadhav Rayappa A¹, Dr. Arvind D. Diwan²

¹Research Scholar, AMET University, Chennai.

²Dr. M.G. M. Institute of Bio Sciences and Technology, Aurangabad.

 

ABSTRACT:

Europe had implemented certain strategies to develop marine biotechnology, by identifying the opportunities and requirement established in R&D within the country for the development of novel marine product and marine screening. Additionally, it supports by collaborating marine biotechnologist with industry for marketing the products. The strategy includes inexpensive method for sample survey, investigation of microorganisms to check its capability for novel bioactive products to large scale, research vessels along with optimized laboratory conditions and also establishing bioscience network as web-based with other European and International organizations. These strategies are approved by the European Science Foundation (ESF) Marine Board Feasibility Study Group on Marine Biotechnology as a model for the implementation of a Marine Biotechnology at European countries, If these strategies are implemented, the Feasibility Study Group believes to compete the benefits across the diverse range of sectors, including quality of life, novel industrial increased food supply, environmental protection and sustainable development of natural resources are considerable.

 

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION

Marine system contains wide range of unexplored diversity of marine microorganisms, which represents different biosynthesis useful in various fields. New methodology emerging from rapid advances within molecular biology make it possible to study and utilize new aspects of marine life at a molecular or genetic level such biosynthesis are investigated by the research centre results in establishment of marine biotechnology [1]. It could provide entirely new products from the marine resources while providing improved technologies for the existing aquaculture and fishing industry, and helps to monitor and harvest the diverse marine resources [2]. Marine model systems could provide new insight into basic biological principles that will benefit further development of medicine and industry.

 

 

Moreover, Europe is well equipped with research stations and thus the scientists have easy access to a rich variety of marine life and experimental models of marine resources from the Mediterranean to the Arctic including worldwide by relatively collaboration through regional and international cooperation [3].

 

2. OUTLINE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:

The expansion of new and original technologies for manufacturing applications, marine biotechnology will involve coupling activities of microbiology with marine science that results in high-quality of research in all areas of marine biology with applications-oriented activities both in and outside the laboratory. Moreover, it enriches in the development of large scale bio-product in to commercialization. European initiative in marine biotechnology aims to identify innovative and cooperative research programs to be initiated in European universities, research institutes and industrial groups Extraction and Purification of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Actinobacteria is explained in[5]. It should be important to coordinate the effort in marine biotechnology has to focus on the fact that the field suffers from a serious lack in development of new knowledge about technology updates, research network across the world, fundamental understanding,  enlargement of R&D activities for large scale bio-products Strain Isolated from Shrimp Pond Sediment against Marine Biofilm Forming Bacteria is discussed in [4]. Simultaneously, it needs to establish the current status of European marine ecosystem for bio-prospecting and to evaluate the guidelines for these programs in terms of scientific and commercial.

 

3. BENEFITS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Identifying the microorganisms from marine resource by screening and investigation for its beneficial factors in research envelops to produce or meet the basic needs in various fields especially in medicine and industry. The research and development in marine biotechnology will results to meet the critical needs of society by:

·        Developing novel drugs for treating disease;

·        Producing diagnostic devices for monitoring health;

·        providing new techniques to monitor, restore, protect and manage marine environments;

·        Ensuring sustainable and safe aquaculture and fisheries;

·        Discovering new types of composite materials, biopolymers and enzymes for industry.

 

4.  A EUROPEAN STRATEGY FOR MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY:

To reap the benefits of marine biotechnology Europe must invest in expanding the knowledge base on marine life so that its intelligent management and application can be achieved by executing the strategies for the development in marine biotechnology like:

·       funding for research activities to increase the knowledge in key areas of marine biotechnology;

·       upgrading and maintaining the expertise, infrastructure,

·       establishing European networks on collaboration of Europe’s marine stations, including monitoring of each projects under its large scale processing;

·       Providing incentives and guidance for establishing new modes of technology transfer;

·       The promotion of industrial involvement in the application of scientific research;

·       The evaluation of public relation to understand the use of sustainable  marine organisms

 

5.  A VISION FOR MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY:

Implementation of strategy for marine biotechnology in Europe is built upon a vision, which has been defined and recognized by the major economic countries of the world. That vision itself arises to form a number of significant facts that have major implications for the future of the human race which has Marine organisms are unexplored and provides vast quantities of food. So, relatively need to study in comparison to terrestrial organisms by unique source of genetic information and chemical complexity. Hence, marine microorganisms plays a major role in Earth’s climate and mineralizing many man-made pollutants that  need to improve more for the safety of environment.

 

6.  KEY AREAS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE:

The rapid development in marine biotechnology and public response for the possibility of   expansion in other research areas:

 

A.   Bioprospecting/bioscreening for novel compounds:

European marine ecosystem should be studied for the marine microorganisms for the production of novel compounds by bioscreening process. These approaches are used to screen the bioactive compounds by molecular techniques to develop in to novel compounds.

 

B.   Development of new methods for the production of marine organisms:

Marine sources supply large quantities of marine organisms each has unique characters to produce as useful things. So these organisms are needed to ensure its quality for the development into products. In order to satisfy this requirement development of culture methods provides one way of controllable and clean production since harvesting from natural habitats would not be necessary. Alternative methods of production include culture of specific cell lines of marine invertebrates and molecular approaches to cell and tissue culture.

 

C.   Safe and sustainable aquaculture:

The major issue in marine is to improve the aquaculture development of this knowledge is a particular challenge due to the diversity of cultured aquatic species and the systems for their production for the improvement of quality of final product. Improvements of the quality of the final product can be achieved through genetic selection and/ or understanding of biochemical and hormonal control of tissue growth and nutrient deposition. Further, understanding the condition of fish’s immune system and improve the growth and disease resistance using the tools of molecular biology. Disease transmission in marine microorganisms by improving some technologies for detecting and diagnosing pathogens for enhancing the genetic basis of disease resistance for safe and sustainable aquaculture.

 

D.   Genomics and proteomics of marine organisms:

The study on marine organisms is based on sequencing the total genome for its entire classification. Genomic projects can design specific gene probes to search for variations of gene products in gene libraries. The molecular screening of genes and communities is complemented by a functional analysis of the obtained clone libraries after appropriate expression in industrial high-throughput units to detect novel bio-molecules such as enzymes and antibiotics. Overall, this molecular approach shows that marine microorganisms accessible to support for large scale production.

 

6.1 Biosensors for the assessment of environmental quality and management of marine environments:

Biosensors are the combination of molecular biology with information technology to give needful specific information from the genome of marine organisms and bioscreening for toxic or valuable compounds.

 

There are some areas to be targeted for research in marine biotechnology, is shown in below table:

Research	Area Objectives
Genomics and Proteomics	Organismal and product databases and networks Novel genes and gene products Profiling genes and metabolic pathways Identification of model organisms
Bioinformatics	New algorithms for specific predictions of drug actions based on models of biological processes
Nanotechnology	New materials Feasibility of carrying out biological and chemical processes at the molecular and atomic level
Environmental  biotechnology	New processes Biosensors and biomonitoring Bioremediation Detection and control of biofouling and corrosion
Cell culture	Basic insights into fundamental cellular processes in marine model organisms Reliable biopharmaceutical production
Bioprospecting	Bioactive molecules Pharmaceuticals Added value products from fish waste Novel drug targets
Aquaculture	Environmentally friendly production systems Health improvement Improved vaccines and microbial control Models of host-pathogen interactions Improvements in quality and productivity of marine organisms Mariculture of novel species Production of novel biomolecules Production of germ-free marine animals

 

7. CONCLUSION:

From this review, it has been suggested the importance of marine ecosystem for the development of useful bio-active products. In this review especially explained about the marine ecosystem in Europe to implement more researches based on the strategies executed by the European Science Foundation (ESF) for the development of marine resources in various fields.

 

REFERENCE:

1.       ESF Marine Board Feasibility Study Group Report “ESF marine board feasibility study paper 4” December 2001.

2.       Jacky Bhagat, M. Venkatramani, A. JaffarHussain And M. Jayaprakashvel “Deproteination of Shrimp Shell Wastes using Immobilized Marine Associated Pseudomonad Amet 1776 Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia (BBRA).

3.       A. Chanthuru, M. MuneesPrabhu, O.S. Aysha And R. Karthik “Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Meliadubia L. Against Larvae of Culexquinquefasciatus and Five Important Human Pathogens” Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia (BBRA).

4.       Pushpam, A.C., Karthik, R., Chelvan, Y, Ramalingam, K. and Vanitha, M.C., 2016. Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Properties of Arthrobacter defluvii AMET1677 Strain Isolated from Shrimp Pond Sediment against Marine Biofilm Forming Bacteria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9(4), pp.373-380.

5.       Chelvan, Y., Chelvan, T., Pushpam, A.C., Karthik, R., Ramalingam, K. and Vanitha, M.C., 2016. Extraction and Purification of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Actinobacteria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9 (4), pp.381-385.

 

 

 

 

 

Accepted on 27.10.2017        © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2017; 10(10):3607-3609.